Kennel cough is one of the most common respiratory infections affecting dogs, especially those that socialize regularly with other dogs.
This condition can sound alarming, particularly if you’re unfamiliar with the distinctive “honking” cough that often accompanies it. While kennel cough is generally mild and treatable, it’s crucial for dog owners to recognize its signs and understand how to manage it properly.
In this post, you’ll learn what kennel cough is, how to identify its symptoms, what are common treatment options, and ways to prevent it from spreading.
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What is kennel cough?
Kennel cough, also known as canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection in dogs.
It’s caused by several viruses and bacteria, with the most common culprit being the Bordetella bronchiseptica bacterium. Kennel cough can also be caused or worsened by viruses such as canine parainfluenza and canine adenovirus, which affect the respiratory system.
Dogs usually contract kennel cough in places where they come into close contact with other dogs, such as kennels, dog parks, grooming salons, and daycare centers. The infection spreads through airborne droplets released when an infected dog coughs, sneezes, or barks, making it easy for the illness to spread in crowded environments.
Understanding how kennel cough is transmitted can help you take preventative steps to keep your dog safe, especially if they’re frequently around other dogs.
Signs and symptoms of kennel cough
The symptoms of kennel cough can vary slightly depending on the severity of the infection, but there are several common signs to look for. Recognizing these early can help you manage the condition before it worsens or spreads to other dogs in the household or neighborhood.
1. Persistent, dry cough
The most noticeable symptom of kennel cough is a dry, hacking cough that often sounds like honking. This cough may be frequent and can sometimes be mistaken for choking or gagging.
Unlike a wet cough, which may indicate pneumonia or another serious condition, kennel cough typically produces little or no mucus. Many pet owners describe it as a “goose honk” sound.
2. Gagging or retching
Kennel cough can cause your dog to gag or retch after coughing fits. It may look as if they’re trying to clear something from their throat, but it’s usually just a reaction to the irritation in their respiratory tract.
3. Runny nose and sneezing
Some dogs with kennel cough may develop a runny nose and sneeze more frequently than usual. This symptom is mild but is a sign that the infection is affecting their upper respiratory tract.
4. Mild fever and lethargy
While kennel cough is typically mild, some dogs may experience a low-grade fever and mild lethargy. If your dog is more tired than usual or seems slightly “off,” keep an eye on them, as these signs may accompany more severe cases.
5. Decreased appetite
In some cases, dogs with kennel cough may lose interest in food. This is usually due to discomfort from coughing or a mild fever, but if your dog stops eating entirely, it’s best to check with a vet.
How kennel cough is diagnosed
If you suspect your dog has kennel cough, a visit to the vet is essential for a proper diagnosis.
They will typically diagnose kennel cough based on clinical signs and a physical exam. The classic honking cough, combined with recent exposure to other dogs, often provides enough evidence for diagnosis.
In some cases, especially if symptoms are severe or persistent, they may recommend additional tests, such as:
- X-rays to examine the lungs and trachea
- Lab tests (such as blood work or bacterial cultures) to rule out other respiratory infections or to check for complications.
These tests help confirm the diagnosis and ensure your dog is receiving the most appropriate care, especially if there are signs of a secondary infection.
Treatment options for kennel cough
Managing kennel cough involves a combination of home care and veterinary guidance.
It’s important to note that while kennel cough usually remains mild, severe symptoms such as labored breathing, high fever, or worsening lethargy may indicate complications, like pneumonia, and should prompt an immediate visit to the vet.
Home care and natural remedies
For dogs with mild symptoms, home care can be quite effective. Here are some steps you can take to ease their symptoms and help them recover:
- Rest and isolation: Give your dog plenty of rest and avoid exposing them to other dogs to prevent spreading the infection. Limit exercise, as exertion can worsen the cough.
- Humidity: Using a humidifier in the room where your dog rests, or allowing them to breathe in steam from a warm shower, can help soothe their airways. The moisture reduces irritation in the respiratory tract, making it easier for your dog to breathe.
- Honey: In small doses, honey can provide relief for your dog’s throat. A teaspoon of honey a few times a day (if approved by your vet) may help calm their cough and provide a soothing effect.
- Hydration and nutrition: Ensure your dog has access to fresh water at all times, as staying hydrated can help them recover faster. Feeding them a soft, easy-to-eat diet may encourage eating if their throat is sore.
When to visit the vet
If your dog’s symptoms persist for more than a week or worsen, it’s time to consult your vet. While most cases of kennel cough are mild, complications can arise in certain situations, especially in puppies, senior dogs, or dogs with weakened immune systems.
If your dog shows any of the following signs, it’s essential to seek immediate veterinary attention:
- High fever
- Labored breathing or wheezing
- Severe lethargy
- Blue gums or tongue (indicating oxygen deficiency)
These symptoms may indicate pneumonia or another secondary infection, which can be serious if left untreated.
Your vet will likely recommend more intensive care, which may include additional medications or supportive care, to ensure your dog’s recovery. Here are some treatments the vet may recommend:
- Antibiotics: If the infection is bacterial, your vet may prescribe antibiotics to target the Bordetella bacteria. While kennel cough often resolves on its own, antibiotics can help speed up recovery in bacterial cases.
- Cough suppressants: Some vets may recommend cough suppressants to ease severe coughing, especially if it’s affecting your dog’s ability to rest.
- Anti-inflammatory medications: In some cases, anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to reduce throat irritation.
Avoiding exercise and irritants
During recovery, avoid any activities or environments that could worsen your dog’s symptoms. Here are a few extra tips:
- Use a harness instead of a collar to prevent additional strain on your dog’s neck, which can exacerbate coughing.
- Avoid exposure to smoke, dust, and strong fragrances in the home. These irritants can worsen kennel cough symptoms and delay recovery.
How to prevent kennel cough
Prevention is key to keeping your dog safe from kennel cough, especially if they frequent areas with other dogs. Here are some steps to reduce their risk:
- Vaccination: The Bordetella vaccine can help protect against kennel cough. While it’s not 100% effective, it reduces the severity of symptoms if your dog is exposed. Talk to your vet about whether this vaccine is right for your dog, particularly if they spend time in kennels or at daycare.
- Limit exposure to crowded areas: Dog parks, kennels, and grooming salons are common places for kennel cough outbreaks. During peak times or outbreaks, try to limit your dog’s time in these environments.
- Strengthen the immune system: A healthy immune system is essential for fighting off infections. Ensure your dog is eating a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and staying stress-free.
By taking these precautions, you can significantly lower your dog’s chances of catching kennel cough, even if they spend time with other dogs.
Making kennel cough a thing of the past
Kennel cough may be a common illness, but understanding its symptoms and treatment options can help you keep your dog comfortable and prevent the infection from spreading.
Recognize the early signs, provide supportive home care, and don’t hesitate to check with your vet if symptoms persist. Preventative steps, like regular vaccinations and avoiding crowded environments, can also help keep kennel cough at bay.
By being proactive, you’re helping to protect not only your dog but also other dogs they may encounter. With the right care, your furry friend will be back to their happy, healthy self in no time.
